Current management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: from resection to palliative treatments

Author:

Bartolini Ilenia1,Risaliti Matteo1,Fortuna Laura1,Agostini Carlotta1,Ringressi Maria Novella1,Taddei Antonio1,Muiesan Paolo12

Affiliation:

1. Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi , Florence , Italy

2. Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham , UK

Abstract

Abstract Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common liver primary tumour after hepatocellular carcinoma and represents 20% of all the cholangiocarcinomas. Its incidence is increasing and mortality rates are rising. Surgical resection is the only option to cure the disease, despite the high recurrence rates reported to be up to 80%. Intrahepatic recurrences may be still treated with curative intent in a small percentage of the patients. Unfortunately, due to lack of specific symptoms, most patients are diagnosed in a late stage of disease and often unsuitable for resection. Liver transplantation for ICC is still controversial. After the first published poor results, improving outcomes have been reported in highly selected cases, including locally advanced ICC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, when successful in controlling tumour progression. Thus, liver transplantation should be considered a possible option within study protocols. When surgical management is not possible, palliative treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and loco-regional treatments such as radiofrequency ablation, trans-arterial chemoembolization or radioembolization. Conclusions This update on the management of ICC focusses on surgical treatments. Known and potential prognostic factors are highlighted in order to assist in treatment selection.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging,Oncology

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