Impact of diet modification on body mass and kidney function in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a pilot study

Abstract

Objectives: The increasing trend in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has occurred in parallel with the increased prevalence of obesity and diabetes type 2. The relationship between a reduction in body mass and protein intake in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been adequately understood. This study aimed to determine whether dietary intervention in an adult with DN is associated with decreasing proteinuria or changes in kidney function over six months. Methods: The study included 120 patients with DN, consecutively admitted to a dietitian from a Kidney Disease Clinic. Patients were classified into two groups: a reduction diet or a normal calorie diet, both with 0.8 g of protein/kg of ideal body weight/day. Anthropometric and laboratory assessments were done before and after observation. Results: After six months, in the study group of patients on a reducing diet, a decrease in body mass, body mass index (BMI) and stabilization of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were observed. There was also a significant correlation between the time of diabetes diagnosis and eGFR and creatinine (R Spearman=–0.24 and 0.3, respectively; p=0.05). There were no other significant associations between body mass, BMI, albuminuria, eGFR, or creatinine. Conclusions: The study shows that obesity is a common comorbid disease in patients with DN and that dietary intervention is associated with a significant reduction in body mass and stabilization of eGFR in these patients.