Trends and Variation in the Gap Between Current and Anticipated Life Satisfaction in the United States, 2008–2020

Author:

Riley Carley1,Herrin Jeph1,Lam Veronica1,Parsons Allison A.1,Kaplan George A.1,Liu Diana1,Witters Dan1,Krumholz Harlan M.1,Roy Brita1

Affiliation:

1. Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan...

Abstract

Objectives. To describe national- and county-level trends and variation in a novel measure of hope. Methods. Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (n = 2 766 728), we summarized the difference between anticipated life satisfaction (ALS) and current life satisfaction (CLS), measured by the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, for each year from 2008 to 2020 and by county over two 5-year periods in the United States. Results. Across all years, there was a significant positive trend in the difference between ALS and CLS for the nation (P = .024), which remained positive but not significant when we excluded 2020. Maintenance of ALS with a decrease in CLS drove the 2020 increase. From 2008–2012 to 2013–2017, 14.5% of counties with 300 or more responses (n = 599) experienced an increase in the difference of more than 1 SD, whereas 13.9% experienced a more than 1 SD decrease. Fifty-two counties experienced decreases in ALS and CLS. Conclusions. Responding to trends in the gap between ALS and CLS at national and local levels is essential for the collective well-being of our nation, especially as we navigate and emerge from crisis.

Publisher

American Public Health Association

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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