1. Department of Urology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, England, UK.
2. School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, England, UK.
3. University of Cambridge, England, UK.
4. Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, England, UK.
5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, England, UK.
6. College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, England, UK.
7. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals of North Midlands/Faculty of Health Sciences, Staffordshire University, England, UK.