Global Practice Patterns and Variations in the Medical and Surgical Management of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Results of a World-Wide Survey, Guidelines and Expert Recommendations-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Global Practice Patterns and Variations in the Medical and Surgical Management of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Results of a World-Wide Survey, Guidelines and Expert Recommendations

Published:2024 Issue: Volume:42 Page:
ISSN:2287-4208
Container-title:The World Journal of Men's Health
language:en
Short-container-title:World J Mens Health

Author:

Rambhatla Amarnath¹^ORCID,Shah Rupin²^ORCID,Ziouziou Imad³^ORCID,Kothari Priyank⁴^ORCID,Salvio Gianmaria⁵^ORCID,Gul Murat⁶^ORCID,Hamoda Taha⁷⁸^ORCID,Kavoussi Parviz⁹^ORCID,Atmoko Widi¹⁰^ORCID,Toprak Tuncay¹¹^ORCID,Birowo Ponco¹⁰^ORCID,Ko Edmund¹²^ORCID,Arafa Mohamed¹³¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Ghayda Ramy Abou¹⁶^ORCID,Karthikeyan Vilvapathy Senguttuvan¹⁷^ORCID,Russo Giorgio Ivan¹⁸^ORCID,Pinggera Germar-Michael¹⁹^ORCID,Chung Eric²⁰^ORCID,Harraz Ahmed M.²¹²²²³^ORCID,Martinez Marlon²⁴^ORCID,Phuoc Nguyen Ho Vinh²⁵^ORCID,Tadros Nicholas²⁶^ORCID,Saleh Ramadan²⁷^ORCID,Savira Missy¹⁰^ORCID,Colpi Giovanni M.²⁸^ORCID,Zohdy Wael¹⁴^ORCID,Pescatori Edoardo²⁹^ORCID,Park Hyun Jun³⁰³¹^ORCID,Fukuhara Shinichiro³²^ORCID,Tsujimura Akira³³^ORCID,Rojas-Cruz Cesar³⁴^ORCID,Marino Angelo³⁵^ORCID,Mak Siu King³⁶^ORCID,Amar Edouard³⁷^ORCID,Ibrahim Wael³⁸^ORCID,Sindhwani Puneet³⁹^ORCID,Alhathal Naif⁴⁰^ORCID,Busetto Gian Maria⁴¹^ORCID,Hashimi Manaf Al⁴²⁴³^ORCID,El-Sakka Ahmed⁴⁴^ORCID,Ramazan Asci⁴⁵^ORCID,Dimitriadis Fotios⁴⁶^ORCID,Timpano Massimiliano⁴⁷^ORCID,Jezek Davor⁴⁸^ORCID,Altay Baris⁴⁹^ORCID,Zylbersztejn Daniel Suslik⁵⁰^ORCID,Wong Michael YC⁵¹^ORCID,Moon Du Geon⁵²^ORCID,Wyns Christine⁵³^ORCID,Gamidov Safar⁵⁴^ORCID,Akhavizadegan Hamed⁵⁵^ORCID,Franceschelli Alessandro⁵⁶^ORCID,Aydos Kaan⁵⁷^ORCID,Quang Nguyen⁵⁸⁵⁹^ORCID,Ashour Shedeed¹⁴^ORCID,Dayel Adel Al⁶⁰^ORCID,Al-Marhoon Mohammed S.⁶¹^ORCID,Micic Sava⁶²^ORCID,Binsaleh Saleh⁶³^ORCID,Hussein Alayman⁸^ORCID,Elbardisi Haitham¹³¹⁵^ORCID,Mostafa Taymour¹⁴^ORCID,Ramsay Jonathan⁶⁴^ORCID,Zachariou Athanasios⁶⁵^ORCID,Abdelrahman Islam Fathy Soliman¹⁴⁶⁶^ORCID,Rajmil Osvaldo⁶⁷^ORCID,Kalkanli Arif⁶⁸^ORCID,Molina Juan Manuel Corral⁶⁹^ORCID,Bocu Kadir⁷⁰^ORCID,Duarsa Gede Wirya Kusuma⁷¹^ORCID,Çeker Gökhan⁷²^ORCID,Serefoglu Ege Can⁷³^ORCID,Bahar Fahmi⁷⁴^ORCID,Gherabi Nazim⁷⁵^ORCID,Kuroda Shinnosuke⁷⁶^ORCID,Bouzouita Abderrazak⁷⁷^ORCID,Gudeloglu Ahmet⁷⁸^ORCID,Ceyhan Erman⁷⁹^ORCID,Hasan Mohamed Saeed Mohamed⁸⁰^ORCID,Musa Muhammad Ujudud⁸¹^ORCID,Motawi Ahmad¹⁴^ORCID,Cho Chak-Lam⁸²^ORCID,Taniguchi Hisanori⁸³^ORCID,Ho Christopher Chee Kong⁸⁴^ORCID,Vazquez Jesus Fernando Solorzano⁸⁵^ORCID,Mutambirwa Shingai⁸⁶^ORCID,Gungor Nur Dokuzeylul⁸⁷^ORCID,Bendayan Marion⁸⁸⁸⁹^ORCID,Giulioni Carlo⁹⁰^ORCID,Baser Aykut⁹¹^ORCID,Falcone Marco⁴⁷^ORCID,Boeri Luca⁹²^ORCID,Blecher Gideon⁹³⁹⁴^ORCID,Kheradmand Alireza⁹⁵^ORCID,Sethupathy Tamilselvi⁹⁶^ORCID,Adriansjah Ricky⁹⁷^ORCID,Narimani Nima⁹⁸^ORCID,Konstantinidis Charalampos⁹⁹^ORCID,Nguyen Tuan Thanh¹⁰⁰¹⁰¹¹⁰²^ORCID,Japari Andrian¹⁰³^ORCID,Dolati Parisa¹⁰⁴^ORCID,Singh Keerti¹⁰⁵¹⁰⁶^ORCID,Ozer Cevahir⁷⁹^ORCID,Sarikaya Selcuk¹⁰⁷^ORCID,Sheibak Nadia¹⁰⁸¹⁰⁹^ORCID,Bosco Ndagijimana Jean¹¹⁰^ORCID,Özkent Mehmet Serkan¹¹¹^ORCID,Le Sang Thanh⁸¹⁰³^ORCID,Sokolakis Ioannis¹¹²^ORCID,Katz Darren¹¹³¹¹⁴¹¹⁵^ORCID,Smith Ryan¹¹⁶^ORCID,Truong Manh Nguyen¹⁰⁴¹¹⁷^ORCID,Le Tan V.²⁵¹¹⁸^ORCID,Huang Zhongwei¹¹⁹^ORCID,Deger Muslim Dogan¹²⁰^ORCID,Arslan Umut¹¹^ORCID,Calik Gokhan¹²¹^ORCID,Franco Giorgio¹²²^ORCID,Rashed Ayman¹²³^ORCID,Kahraman Oguzhan⁷⁹^ORCID,Andreadakis Sotiris¹²⁴^ORCID,Putra Rosadi¹²⁵^ORCID,Balercia Giancarlo⁵^ORCID,Khalafalla Kareim²⁰¹²⁶^ORCID,Cannarella Rossella¹⁸^ORCID,Tuấn Anh Đặng¹²⁷^ORCID,El Meliegy Amr¹⁴^ORCID,Zilaitiene Birute¹²⁸^ORCID,Ramirez Marlene Lizbeth Zamora¹²⁹^ORCID,Giacone Filippo¹³⁰^ORCID,Calogero Aldo E.¹⁸^ORCID,Makarounis Konstantinos¹³¹^ORCID,Jindal Sunil¹³²^ORCID,Hoai Bac Nguyen¹³³^ORCID,Banthia Ravi¹³⁴^ORCID,Peña Marcelo Rodriguez¹³⁵^ORCID,Moorthy Dharani¹³⁶^ORCID,Adamyan Aram¹³⁷^ORCID,Kulaksiz Deniz¹³⁸^ORCID,Kandil Hussein¹³⁹^ORCID,Sofikitis Nikolaos⁶⁵^ORCID,Salzano Ciro¹⁴⁰^ORCID,Jungwirth Andreas¹⁴¹^ORCID,Banka Surendra Reddy¹⁴²^ORCID,Mierzwa Tiago Cesar¹⁴³^ORCID,Turunç Tahsin¹⁴⁴^ORCID,Jain Divyanu¹⁴⁵^ORCID,Avoyan Armen¹³⁸^ORCID,Salacone Pietro¹⁴⁶^ORCID,Kadıoğlu Ateş¹⁴⁷^ORCID,Gupta Chirag¹⁴⁸^ORCID,Lin Haocheng¹⁴⁹^ORCID,Shamohammadi Iman¹⁵⁰^ORCID,Mogharabian Nasser¹⁵¹^ORCID,Barrett Trenton¹⁵²^ORCID,Danacıoğlu Yavuz Onur¹⁵³^ORCID,Crafa Andrea¹⁸^ORCID,Daoud Salima¹⁵⁴^ORCID,Malhotra Vineet¹⁵⁵^ORCID,Almardawi Abdulmalik¹⁵⁶^ORCID,Selim Osama Mohamed¹⁴^ORCID,Moussa Mohamad¹⁵⁷¹⁵⁸^ORCID,Haghdani Saeid¹⁵⁹^ORCID,Duran Mesut Berkan¹⁶⁰^ORCID,Kunz Yannic¹⁹^ORCID,Preto Mirko⁴⁷^ORCID,Eugeni Elena¹⁶¹¹⁶²^ORCID,Nguyen Thang¹³⁸^ORCID,Elshahid Ahmed Rashad¹²³^ORCID,Suyono Seso Sulijaya¹⁶³^ORCID,Parikesit Dyandra¹⁶⁴^ORCID,Nada Essam²⁷^ORCID,Orozco Eduardo Gutiérrez¹⁶⁵^ORCID,Boitrelle Florence⁸⁸⁸⁹^ORCID,Trang Nguyen Thi Minh¹⁰²^ORCID,Jamali Mounir¹⁶⁶^ORCID,Nair Raju¹⁶⁷^ORCID,Ruzaev Mikhail¹⁶⁸^ORCID,Gadda Franco⁹²^ORCID,Thomas Charalampos⁹⁹^ORCID,Ferreira Raphael Henrique¹⁶⁹^ORCID,Gul Umit¹⁷⁰^ORCID,Maruccia Serena¹⁷¹^ORCID,Kanbur Ajay¹⁷²¹⁷³^ORCID,Kinzikeeva Ella¹⁷⁴^ORCID,Abumelha Saad Mohammed¹⁵⁶^ORCID,Kosgi Raghavender¹⁷⁵^ORCID,Gokalp Fatih¹⁷⁶^ORCID,Soebadi Mohammad Ayodhia¹⁷⁷^ORCID,Paul Gustavo Marquesine¹⁷⁸^ORCID,Sajadi Hesamoddin¹⁷⁹^ORCID,Gupte Deepak¹⁸⁰^ORCID,Ambar Rafael F.¹⁴³^ORCID,Sogutdelen Emrullah¹⁸¹^ORCID,Singla Karun¹⁸²^ORCID,Basukarno Ari¹⁸³^ORCID,Kim Shannon Hee Kyung¹⁸⁴^ORCID,Gilani Mohammad Ali Sadighi¹⁷⁹^ORCID,Nagao Koichi¹⁸⁵^ORCID,Brodjonegoro Sakti Ronggowardhana¹⁸⁶^ORCID,Rezano Andri¹⁸⁷¹⁸⁸^ORCID,Elkhouly Mohamed¹⁸⁹^ORCID,Mazzilli Rossella¹⁹⁰^ORCID,Farsi Hasan M. A.⁷^ORCID,Ba Hung Nguyen¹⁹¹^ORCID,Alali Hamed¹⁸⁴^ORCID,Kafetzis Dimitrios¹⁹²^ORCID,Long Tran Quang Tien¹⁹³^ORCID,Alsaid Sami¹⁴^ORCID,Cuong Hoang Bao Ngoc¹⁹⁴^ORCID,Oleksandr Knigavko¹⁹⁵^ORCID,Mustafa Akhmad⁹⁷^ORCID,Acosta Herik¹⁹⁶^ORCID,Pai Hrishikesh¹⁹⁷^ORCID,Şahin Bahadır¹⁹⁸^ORCID,Arianto Eko¹⁹⁹^ORCID,Teo Colin²⁰⁰^ORCID,Jayaprakash Sanjay Prakash¹⁷^ORCID,Rachman Rinaldo Indra¹⁰^ORCID,Yenice Mustafa Gurkan¹⁵³^ORCID,Sefrioui Omar²⁰¹^ORCID,Priyadarshi Shivam²⁰²^ORCID,Tanic Marko²⁰³^ORCID,Alfatlaw Noor Kareem²⁰⁴^ORCID,Rizaldi Fikri¹⁸⁷^ORCID,Vishwakarma Ranjit B.²^ORCID,Kanakis George²⁰⁵^ORCID,Cherian Dinesh Thomas²⁰⁶^ORCID,Lee Joe²⁰⁷^ORCID,Galstyan Raisa²⁰⁸^ORCID,Keskin Hakan⁸⁰^ORCID,Wurzacher Janan¹⁹^ORCID,Seno Doddy Hami²⁰⁹^ORCID,Noegroho Bambang S⁹⁷^ORCID,Margiana Ria¹⁹⁹²¹⁰²¹¹²¹²^ORCID,Javed Qaisar²¹³^ORCID,Castiglioni Fabrizio²¹⁴^ORCID,Tanwar Raman²¹⁵^ORCID,Puigvert Ana⁸⁷²¹⁶^ORCID,Kaya Coşkun²¹⁷^ORCID,Purnomo Medianto²¹⁸^ORCID,Yazbeck Chadi²¹⁹^ORCID,Amir Azwar²²⁰^ORCID,Borges Edson²²¹^ORCID,Bellavia Marina²⁸^ORCID,Deswanto Isaac Ardianson¹⁰^ORCID,KV Vinod²²²^ORCID,Liguori Giovanni²²³^ORCID,Minh Dang Hoang⁵⁹^ORCID,Siddiqi Kashif²²⁴^ORCID,Colombo Fulvio²⁹^ORCID,Zini Armand²²⁵^ORCID,Patel Niket²²⁶^ORCID,Çayan Selahittin²²⁷^ORCID,Al-kawaz Ula²²⁸^ORCID,Ragab Maged²²⁹^ORCID,Hebrard Guadalupe Hernández²³⁰^ORCID,de la Rosette Jean¹²¹^ORCID,Efesoy Ozan²²⁹^ORCID,Hoffmann Ivan²³¹²³²^ORCID,Teixeira Thiago Afonso²³³²³⁴²³⁵^ORCID,Saylam Barış²²⁷^ORCID,Delgadillo Daniela⁸⁵^ORCID,Agarwal Ashok²³⁶^ORCID,

Affiliation:

1. Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.

2. Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

3. Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.

4. Department of Urology, Topiwala National Medical College, B.Y.L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India.

5. Department of Endocrinology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.

6. Department of Urology, Selçuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.

7. Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

8. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

9. Department of Reproductive Urology, Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX, USA.

10. Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

11. Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.

12. Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

13. Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

14. Department of Andrology, Sexology and STIs, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

15. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.

16. Urology Institute, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

17. Andrology Unit, Department of Urology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India.

18. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

19. Department of Urology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

20. Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

21. Department of Urology, Mansoura University Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt.

22. Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait.

23. Department of Urology, Sabah Al Ahmad Urology Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait.

24. Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines.

25. Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

26. Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.

27. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

28. Andrology and IVF Center, Next Fertility Procrea, Lugano, Switzerland.

29. Andrology and Reproductive Medicine Unit, Next Fertility GynePro, Bologna, Italy.

30. Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

31. Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.

32. Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

33. Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.

34. Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.

35. Reproductive Medicine Unit, ANDROS Day Surgery Clinic, Palermo, Italy.

36. Department of Surgery, Union Hospital Reproductive Medicine Centre (Tsim Sha Tsui), Kowloon, China.

37. Department of Urology, American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France.

38. Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Care Center in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.

39. Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.

40. Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

41. Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

42. Department of Urology, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

43. Department of Urology, Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

44. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

45. 45Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

46. 1st Urology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

47. Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.

48. Department for Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, Reproductive Tissue Bank, University Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.

49. Department of Urology, Ege University Medical School, Bornova, Turkey.

50. Department of Surgery, Discipline of Urology, Fleury Group and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.

51. Department of Andrology, International Urology, Fertility and Gynecology Centre, Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Singapore.

52. Department of Urology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

53. Department of Gynaecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

54. V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

55. Department of Urology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

56. Andrology Unit, University Hospital S. Orsola, Bologna, Italy.

57. Department of Urology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.

58. Center for Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

59. Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexual Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

60. Men's Health Clinic Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

61. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.

62. Department of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia.

63. Division of Urology, Deparment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

64. Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

65. Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.

66. Department of Andrology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.

67. Department of Andrology, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.

68. Department of Urology, Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

69. Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

70. Urology Department, Niğde Omer Halis Demir University, Faculty of Medicine, Sirnak, Turkey.

71. Department of Urology, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.

72. Department of Urology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

73. Department of Urology, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

74. Andrology Section, Siloam Sriwijaya Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.

75. Department of Medicine, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria.

76. Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.

77. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty Tunis Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

78. Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

79. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.

80. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

81. Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Center, Katsina State, Nigeria.

82. Department of Surgery, S. H. Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

83. Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.

84. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

85. IVF Department, CITMER Reproductive Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico.

86. Department of Urology, Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Medunsa, South Africa.

87. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF Unit, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.

88. Department of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France.

89. Department of Biology, Reproduction, Epigenetics, Environment and Development, Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

90. Department of Urology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.

91. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Balıkesir, Turkey.

92. Department of Urology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

93. Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

94. Department of Urology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

95. Department of Urology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

96. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CK Medical Centre Hospital, Erode, India.

97. Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.

98. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

99. Urology and Neuro-Urology Unit, National Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece.

100. Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

101. Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

102. Department of Urology, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

103. Department of Urology, Fertility Clinic, Telogorejo Hospital, Central Java, Indonesia.

104. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.

105. Department of Preclinical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados.

106. Windsor Medical Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados.

107. Department of Urology, Gulhane Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

108. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

109. Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

110. Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.

111. Department of Urology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey.

112. Department of Urology, Martha-Maria Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.

113. Men’s Health Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

114. Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

115. Department of Urology, Western Health, Victoria, Australia.

116. Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

117. Fertility Centre, Hanh Phuc International Hospital, Binh Duong, Vietnam.

118. Department of Urology and Andrology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

119. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health Systems, Singapore.

120. Department of Urology, Edirne Sultan 1st Murat State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey.

121. Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.

122. Department of Urology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

123. 123Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, 6th of October University, Giza, Egypt.

124. Private Practice, Thessaloniki, Greece.

125. Department of Urology, RSUD Ciawi Regional General Hospital, West Java, Indonesia.

126. Department of Urology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.

127. Tam Anh IVF Center, Tam Anh General Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

128. Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

129. Reproductive Medicine Unit, Español Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.

130. HERA Center, Unit of Reproductive Medicine, Sant'Agata Li Battiati, Catania, Italy.

131. Department of Urology and Andrology, Locus Medicus, Athens, Greece.

132. Department of Andrology & Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital & Fertility Center, Meerut, India.

133. Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

134. Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

135. Institute of Gynecology and Fertility (IFER), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

136. IVF Department, Swarupa Fertility & IVF Centre, Vijayawada, India.

137. Department of Urology, Astghik Medical Center, Yerevan, Armenia.

138. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey.

139. Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

140. PO San Giovanni Bosco, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Napoli, Italy.

141. St. Barabara Private Clinic, Bad Vigaun, Austria.

142. Department of Andrology, Androcare Institute of Andrology and Men's Health, Hyderabad, India.

143. Department of Urology, Centro Universitario em Saude do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.

144. Urology Clinic, Iskenderun Gelisim Hospital, Iskenderun, Turkey.

145. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jaipur Golden Hospital, New Delhi, India.

146. Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy.

147. Section of Andrology, Department of Urology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

148. Department of Urology, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India.

149. Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.

150. Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

151. Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.

152. Perth Urology Clinic, Perth, WA, Australia.

153. Department of Urology, University of Health Science, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

154. Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

155. Department of Urology and Andrology, VNA Hospital, New Delhi, India.

156. Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Millitary Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

157. Department of Urology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.

158. Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital, UMC, Beirut, Lebanon.

159. Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran.

160. Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.

161. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

162. Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Division of Medical Andrology and Endocrinology of Reproduction, University of Terni, Terni, Italy.

163. Gladiool IVF, Magelang, Indonesia.

164. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, Indonesia.

165. IVF Department, CITMER Reproductive Medicine, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

166. Department of Urology, Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.

167. Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mitera Hospital, Kottayam, India.

168. Urology Clinic, Moscow, Russia.

169. Department of Urology, Santa Casa de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

170. Private EPC Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

171. Department of Urology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy.

172. Department of Andrology, Kanbur Clinic, Thane, India.

173. Department of Urosurgery, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, India.

174. Andrology Unit, Zucchi Clinical Institutes, Monza, Italy.

175. Department of Andrology and Men’s Health, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.

176. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey.

177. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

178. Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

179. Department of Urology, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India.

180. Department of Urology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.

181. Urology Department, Clarity Health, Chandigarh, India.

182. Department of Urology, Dr. Dradjat Hospital, Serang, Indonesia.

183. IVF Australia, Sydney, Australia.

184. Department of Urology, Macquarie University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia.

185. Department of Urology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

186. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prof. Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

187. Andrology Study Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

188. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.

189. IVF Department, Bourn Hall Fertility Center, Dubai, UAE.

190. Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

191. Andrology Unit, ART Center, Vinmec Times City International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

192. Orchid IVF Clinic, Dubai, UAE.

193. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

194. Department of Surgery, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam

195. Department of Urology, Nephrology and Andrology Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

196. Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan.

197. IVF Department, Bloom IVF Group, Mombai, India.

198. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

199. Department of Urology, Prof R.D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia.

200. Department of Urology, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore.

201. African Fertility Center, Casablanca, Morocco.

202. Department of Urology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

203. Department of Urology, General Hospital, Cuprija, Serbia.

204. Fertility Center of Al-Najaf, Al-Sadr Medical City, Babylon Health Directorate, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.

205. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Athens Naval & VA Hospital, Athens, Greece.

206. Urology Department, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India.

207. Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore.

208. Department of Urology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.

209. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Persahabatan General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

210. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

211. Master’s Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

212. Urology Unit, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

213. Department of Urology, Al-Ahlia Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

214. Andrology Unit, ART Center - San Carlo Clinic, Milan, Italy.

215. Urology Center, Jyoti Hospital, Gurugram, India.

216. Institute of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (IANDROMS), Barcelona, Spain.

217. Department of Urology, Health Science University Eskisehir City HPRH, Eskisehir, Turkey.

218. Department of Urology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.

219. Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Reprogynes Medical Institute, Paris, France.

220. Department of Urology, Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.

221. IVF Department, Fertility Assisted Fertilization Center, São Paulo, Brazil.

222. Department of Urology, Cure & SK Hospital, Trivandrum, India.

223. Department of Urology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

224. Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

225. Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

226. Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Anand, Gujarat, India.

227. Department of Urology, University of Mersin School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.

228. High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

229. Department of Andrology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

230. IVF Department, CITMER Reproductive Medicine, Puebla, Mexico.

231. Department of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinic Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany.

232. Reproductive Center Dr. Hoffmann, Berlin, Germany.

233. Division of Urology, University Hospital, Federal University of Amapa, Macapá, Brazil.

234. Men’s Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

235. Androscience-Science and Innovation Center and High Complexity Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil.

236. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Publisher

XMLink

Link

https://wjmh.org/pdf/10.5534/wjmh.230339

Reference67 articles.

1. Evaluation of the Azoospermic Patient

2. Review of Azoospermia

3. Update in the evaluation of the azoospermic male

4. Improving the Quality of Web Surveys: The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES)