1. Abilov, A.Zh., Kusainova, G.K., and Makhrova, A.G., Sociological research in the analysis of the formation of urban agglomerations of Kazakhstan (the case of Astana), Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 5: Geogr., 2017, no. 4, pp. 75–83.
2. Afontsev, S., and Zubarevich, N., Spatial development as a mechanism for the modernization of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Vopr. Ekon., 2012, no. 5, pp. 53–58. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-5-53-58
3. Akimzhanov, Kh.R. and Safronov, S.G., Socio-economic transformation of the territorial structure of the Kara-ganda agglomeration, Reg. Issled., 2014, no. 2, pp. 86–96.
4. Antonov, E.V. and Makhrova, A.G., Largest urban agglomerations and forms of settlement pattern at the supra-agglomeration level in Russia, Reg. Res. Russ., 2019, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 370–382.
5. Golubchikov, O.Yu. and Bad’ina, O.V., Macro-regional trends in the development of cities of the former USSR, Reg. Issled., 2016, no. 2, pp. 31–42.