1. Small Encyclopaedic Dictionary (Brokgauz–Efron, St. Petersburg, 1907), Vol. 1.
2. Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Ed. by O. Yu. Shmidt (Sov. Entsiklopediya, Moscow, 1926), Vol. 2.
3. Great Medical Encyclopedia, 3rd ed., Ed. by B. V. Petrovskii (Sov. Entsiklopediya, Moscow, 1974), Vol. 1.
4. Encyclopaedic Medical Dictionary, Ed. by B. V. Petrovskii (Sov. Entsiklopediya, Moscow, 1982), Vol. 1.
5. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 32nd ed. (Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 2012).