Challenges and Applications of In Situ TEM for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Owning to the fast development and bright prospect in energy storage system of sodium-ion battery, the electrochemical behavior of sodium storage materials has been paid full attention by researchers. The electrochemical reaction of sodium-ion battery materials involves complex evolution procedures of morphology, microstructure and element valence. Due to the limitation of conventional analytical techniques, the sodium electrochemical reaction process and mechanism are not completely clear. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables researchers to observe sodium storage materials behave in the electrochemical environment directly, which can provide guidance for the development of sodium-ion battery materials. This review demonstrates the general applicability of in situ TEM for sodium-ion batteries, and the challenges and opportunities are discussed.