THEEFFECT OF SILICA GEL TO THE ADHESIVE PROTOCOL STAGES IN THETREATMENT OF CARIES AND ITS COMPLICATIO

Abstract

The etching solution is used to remove the inert surface layer of the hard tissues of the tooth, change the wetting parameters and create conditions for micromechanical adhesion. The most commonly used gel is 37% orthophosphoric acid. However, silicic acid as a thickener in the composition of etching gels, when interacting with hydroxyapatite of the tooth, gives a precipitate in the form of silicon oxide — silica. Scanning electron microscopy makes it possible to see the accumulation of round silica nanoparticles, approximately 20–40 nm in diameter. According to studies, the formation of silica particles does not affect the quality of restoration, so there is no need to remove them from the surface of demineralized dentin. The purpose of this review article is to study scientific data on the formation of an insoluble precipitate after the interaction of inorganic acid in the form of a gel with components of the inorganic enamel matrix (hydroxyapatite), and its effect on the adhesion quality of the filling material. Materials and methods: Electronic search of articles was carried out using search engines and databases Google Scholar, Pub Med. The articles are included, the content of which concerns the topic of determining the sediment formed when etching the tooth surface with orthophosphoric gel. The publication date criterion has been selected since 2011. Results: 69 articles were reviewed during the review process. After analyzing the literature according to the inclusion criteria, the total number was 20 publications. Conclusion: When etching dentin with a solution of orthophosphoric acid in the form of a gel, a precipitate of silicon oxide is formed. This is due to the presence of a thickener in the gel in the form of silicic acid. Silicic acid, or silica gel, reacts chemically with hydroxyapatite of the tooth. As a result, silica is formed, which remains on the surface of demineralized dentin in the form of round nanoparticles with a size of 20–40 nm. According to studies, the formation of silica particles does not affect the quality of restoration, so there is no need to remove them from the surface of demineralized dentin.