A NEW EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF PERIODONTITIS IN RATS

Abstract

Background: The global prevalence of periodontal disease in adults is estimated up to 60-90%. Thus, development of new methods for diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis with their approbation on animal models is important. Aim: To create an experimental model of periodontitis in rats for the best possible simulation of clinical manifestations in humans according to the current understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. Methods: The experiment was performed on 20 male Wistar rats (230±20 g). According to the proposed methodology, periodontitis was modeled by placing a metal ligature on the gingival margin of the lower incisors in a figure eight-shaped manner and fixing it to the alveolar bone thus destroying the ameloblastic epithelium. Periodontal inflammation was studied clinically and histologically. Microcirculation parameters were analyzed by Doppler ultrasound. Results: The use of the proposed periodontitis model was associated with inflammation, hyperperfusion causing an oxidative stress and periodontal destruction: Vas, Vakd and Vam significantly increased by 40.0% (p=0.007), 60.63% (p=0.005) and 83.33% (p=0.005), respectively. Also, there were significant decreases in the Gosling (PI) and Stewart (SD) indices: 63.82% (P=0.008) and 20.39% (p=0.005). Conclusion: The developed model is easily reproducible and similar to the clinical characteristics of periodontitis in humans, decrease the modeling time to 7 days thus simplifying the new developments in diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.