Risk factors for breast cancer in patients with benign breast diseases: a 10-year observational study

Author:

Shabaev R. M.1,Kolyadina I. V.2ORCID,Blagovestnov D. A.3ORCID,Starokon P. M.4

Affiliation:

1. Branch of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia

2. Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia; V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

3. Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia

4. Branch of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia

Abstract

Aim. To assess risk factors for breast cancer in a large population of women with benign breast dysplasia (BBD) followed up for a long time.Materials and methods. This retrospective study included 504 women with BBD followed up for 10 years. Study participants were divided into two groups: 1) BBD patients who did not develop breast cancer within 10 years (n = 261); 2) BBD patients who developed breast cancer within 10 years (n = 243). We conducted comprehensive retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, as well as treatment details for BBD. Patient age varied between 39 and 49 years. The ten-year follow-up interval was chosen to perform adequate comparison of the groups. The differences were considered significant at p <0.05.Results. The main difference between the two groups was related to conservative treatment for BBD and its duration. Almost all (93.4 %) patients in the group without breast cancer received some conservative treatment for BBD for 78.0 ± 1.7 months, whereas among those who developed breast cancer, only 37.4 % received conservative therapy for 15.0 ± 0.8 months (p <0.001). Other significant risk factors for breast cancer in group 2 included obesity, gynecological pathology, long-term stress, and no surgical treatment for benign breast changes (p <0.001). The analysis of laboratory parameters demonstrated significantly higher levels of prolactin in patients who developed breast cancer (31 % versus 13 %; p <0.001).Conclusion. Potential risk factors for breast cancer in BBD patients include overweight, benign gynecological diseases, elevated prolactin, and long-term stress. Timely diagnosis and treatment of BBD and elimination of the abovementioned factors can significantly reduce the probability of breast cancer.

Publisher

Publishing House ABV Press

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