THE PROSPECT OF USING ONCOGENES’ INHA, DLL4 AND MMP2 ROLE IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASE

Abstract

A large role in the development of malignant tumors is played by a genetic predisposition. Risk factors for cancer include the presence of mutations in oncogenes‑genes that cause the development of tumors. They were first found in the genome of viruses, and their analogs, called proto‑oncogenes, were found in humans. The study of the work of oncogenes is a promising direction in the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases. The discovery and research of oncogenes of all classes are necessary not only to understand the mechanisms of neoplasm development but also to develop new methods of cancer treatment. Oncogenes are responsible for the synthesis of growth factors, and also control the course of the cell cycle. With an excess or violation of the functions of gene products, the processes of cell growth and division are disrupted, which leads to cell degeneration, their uncontrolled division, and, as a result, to the formation of a tumor. Based on the above, we can say that by studying the mechanisms of oncogenes at the molecular level, the functions of their products, and their influence on the vital processes of cells and the whole organism, it is possible to develop ways to treat cancer by inhibiting or correcting the work of a particular oncogene or its product. The process of oncogene activation is multifaceted and can be caused by the persistence of oncogenic viruses, the integration of retroviruses into the cell genome, the presence of point mutations or deletions in genomic DNA, chromosome translocation, or protein‑protein interaction. That is why the total number of oncogenes and possible ways of their activation at different stages of tumor progression are not fully known. In this regard, we decided in this review to analyze the available information about the relatively new and poorly studied oncogenes INHA, DLL4, and MMP2, which control important functions, including metastasis and tumor growth.