Lung neuroendocrine tumors

Abstract

Neuroendocrine tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of tumors that develop from neuroendocrine cells. To define this type of tumor, the well-established term “carcinoid” continues to be used in clinical practice for years. In accordance with the characteristics of embryogenesis, three groups of neuroendocrine tumors are distinguished. The source of these tumors are neuroendocrine cells, which are located in almost all organs. The term itself and the concept of “neuroendocrine cell” have historically been repeatedly reassessed. In 1969 A. Pearse, based on the ability of these cells to utilize and decarboxylate amine precursors, introduced the term “APUD system” (aminoprecursor uptake and decarboxylation). Neuroendocrine cells, although they can secrete the same substances as neurons, but, unlike the latter, they participate not in topical, but in paracrine regulation of organs and tissues. They are located in all human organs and are the most important tool for maintaining homeostasis.In recent years, more and more publications have appeared about the frequent localization of neuroendocrine tumors in the lungs, and new approaches to the diagnosis of this pathology. This review presents the diagnostic features and clinical course of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.