RESISTANCE OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES TO THE MAIN DISEASES IN THE FOREST CLIMATIC ZONE OF THE RYAZAN REGION

Abstract

Phytopathological studies of 31 varieties of soft winter wheat were carried out in 2017-2021 in the forest-steppe agro-climatic zone of the Ryazan region. The study of the material took place on a natural infectious background in a collection nursery on plots of 3.0 m2, without repetition. The soil of the experimental site is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, average fertility level. Among the studied set of varieties, not a single variety with complete absence of signs of damage has been identified for all the years of research. In general, most of the studied varieties had fairly good resistance to pathogens. Thus, a significant majority of the studied samples for resistance to powdery mildew (disease development up to 30...45%), brown rust (degree of disease development <5...10 %) and septoria (disease development <10...20%) are attributed to the group of highly resistant varieties. But of particular value for breeding are varieties of winter wheat that exhibit complex resistance. A group of varieties has been formed that has complex resistance to two diseases simultaneously: powdery mildew and septoria - Amber 50, Moskovskaya 56, Isctar; to septoria and brown rust - Nemchinovskaya 24, Viola, Scepter, Dolya, Poem, Isctar; to powdery mildew and brown rust – Isctar. The Isctar variety had complex resistance to three types of phytopathogens. High resistance to lodging (more than 8.0 points) was noted in the varieties Tambor, Isztar, MV Nador, Mironovskaya 29, Mirleben, Anka, MV-27-12, Dmitry. On average, over the years of research, the protein content in the grain was at a high level and amounted to 15.0...18.2%, gluten 27.5 ...34.0%. Thus, a variety of the German selection Isctar has been identified, which most advantageously combines resistance to three types of phytopathogens, has high productivity indicators and resistance to lodging