THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES AGAINST THE SPARE PARTS OF THE LEAVES OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

Abstract

The biologization of plant growing in modern conditions is becoming an urgent trend in agriculture, which helps to reduce the pesticide load. An important aspect of the transition to organic farming is the use of fungicides based on living microorganisms and their metabolic products to curb the development of diseases. Studies were carried out to assess the effectiveness of modern biofungicides against leaf septoria (Septoria tritici) and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) of winter wheat - Vitaplan, SP, Gamair, SP, Pseudobacterin-2, Zh, Rizoplan, Zh, Trichocin, SP, Fitosporin -M, SP. Fungicide Amistar Extra, SK was used as a chemical standard. The work was carried out in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory in 2019–2020 on the variety Grom, susceptible to leaf spots. The meteorological conditions of the first year of research were favorable for the development of pathogens of leaf spots. In the second year, conditions were extreme, both for the growth of wheat plants and for the development of phytopathogens. For two years of research, the most effective biofungicides against leaf septoria were Fitosporin-M, SP, Pseudobacterin-2, Zh and Vitaplan, SP, the biological effectiveness was 50.0%, 50.0% and 47.1%, respectively; against yellow spot - Vitaplan, SP and Trichocin, SP, biological efficiency was 48.4% and 45.9%. The use of biological fungicides made it possible to save from 2.5% (Gamair, SP) to 12.6% (Trichocin, SP) of the winter wheat grain yield in comparison with the control (without treatment). The high economic efficiency of the use of biofungicides was established, the maximum net profit was noted in the variant treated with Fitosporin - M, SP (9540 rubles / ha)