STUDY OF GRAPE VARIETIES OF INTERSPECIES ORIGIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF ROSTOV REGION

Abstract

The studies were carried out in order to clarify the agrobiological and uvological characteristics of grape varieties of interspecific origin, selection of Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center, in non-covering culture. The work was carried out in the northern zone of industrial viticulture in 2018–2021 on the ampelographic collection (Rostov region) of grapes. We studied 3 technical varieties (Grushevsky white, Saperavi northern, Flower) and 3 table varieties (Vostorg, Talisman, Rusmol). The collection was founded in 2008 by grafted vine seedlings (rootstock Kober 5BB), planting scheme 3×1.5 m. The height of the stem of the bushes was 70-100 cm. There were no severe winters during the study period. On average, over the years of the study, the number of blossoming eyes and fruitful shoots in industrial varieties was 82...97 and 83...89%, respectively, in canteens - 71...95 and 57...79%, respectively. According to the duration of the growing season, the varieties were distributed as follows: Vostorg - very early (109 days), Talisman - early (125 days), Rusmol, Tsvetochny, Saperavi northern - medium (139 ... 143 days), Grushevsky white - medium-late (146 days). The yield of technical varieties varied from 4.5 (Saperavi Severniy) to 8.4 kg/bush (Tsvetochny); canteens - from 5.5 (Talisman) to 9.7 kg/bush (Rapture). According to the average weight of the bunch, Grushevsky white (312 g) stood out among the technical varieties, surpassing other varieties of this group by 111 ... 200 g, among table varieties - Rusmol (619 g), ahead of other table varieties by 133 ... varieties was high and very high (from 20.7 to 23.4 g/100 cm3), in table varieties - medium and low (from 16.2 to 18.9 g/100 cm3). Tasting scores of wines from berries of technical grades were at the level of 8.4…8.5 points, from table fruits – 7.8…8.5 points. In general, changes in the climatic conditions of the Lower Don region did not affect the economically valuable traits of the studied varieties of domestic selection.