ANEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS (literature review)

Abstract

Anemia is a common complication of both oncopathology itself and ongoing drug and chemoradiotherapy. Anemia not only worsens the quality of life of patients, but also negatively affects the effectiveness of specific treatment and patient survival rates. The frequency of anemia varies from 20 to 90% depending on the nosology, the stage of the disease, and the antitumor treatment being carried out. In cancer patients, anemia has a complex origin and can be caused by various reasons. As a rule, there are a number of factors at once, among which the suppressive effect of proinflammatory cytokines on erythropoiesis, synthesis of endogenous erythropoietin, sensitivity of erythropoietin receptors, as well as increased formation of hepcidin with the development of functional iron deficiency prevail. A detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of anemia caused by a tumor or chronic disease will allow the clinician to build a competent tactic for correcting the anemia syndrome, which will timely prevent the development of clinical symptoms and aggravation of the severity of the cancer patient's condition.