Fractions of Lawsonia inermis Linn leaves reversed the damage caused to major organs involved in diabetic complications by improving their histomorphological appearance in diabetic Wistar rat model

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is clinically known as diverse sets of biochemical syndromes with a basic symptom of glucose intolerance and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus exclusively disrupts glucose metabolism in various tissues and organs leading to complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and brain micro-infarcts. This study investigated the positive modulatory effect of Lawsonia inermis Linn leaves on major organs involved in diabetic complications in Wister rats experimentally induced by type 1 diabetes using streptozocine. Lawsonia inermis leaves were partitioned using N-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Fractions obtained were assessed for their modulatory potential. Seven groups of diabetic rats (n=5) were orally administered 100mg/kg of each of the three partitioned fractions, metformin (500mg/kg), glibenclamide (5mg/kg), while untreated hyperglycaemic and normoglycaemic rats received distilled water (ad libitum) daily for 28 days. Mean relative organ weight of the brain, heart, kidney, pancreas and liver increased significantly (p<0.05) in untreated diabetic rats when compared to Lawsonia inermis treated rats and non-diabetic control. Diabetic treated rats showed non-significant (p>0.05) increased weight in all the organs except the pancreas that decreased non-significantly when compared to normoglycemic rats. The histopathology results showed that Lawsonia inermis improved the organ damage seen in diabetic complications through prevention of organomegaly and improvement in histoarchitectural appearance that is devoid of lesions when compared to untreated diabetic control with various lesions. Conclusively, Lawsonia inermis Linn leaves improve significant reduction in organ damage during course of Type 1 diabetes mellitus.