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2. Dynamic Behaviour of Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals
3. The phase-transition temperatures are given in °C, the γ1values in mPas. Phase abbreviations are C = crystalline, Sx = smectic X, N = nematic, I = isotropic Usually, TNI,extr, Δε, Δn, and γl were determined by linear extrapolation from a 10% w/w solution in the commercially available Merck mixture ZLI-4792 (TNI = 928°C, Δε = 53, Δn = 00964). The extrapolated values are corrected empirically for differences in the order parameter. In some marked cases the mixture ZLI-2857 (TNI = 823°C, Δε = −14, Δn = 00776) was used for extrapolation. For the pure substances, the mesophases were identified by optical microscopy and the phase transition temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry.
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