Cesarean section in modern obstetrics – necessity of popular tendention? (Literature rewiev)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the review of scientific publications, which are devoted the problem of cesarean section (CS) in modern obstetrics. Cesarean section is the birth of a fetus through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall. It is one of the most common operations in the world. Initially, the operation is intended to improve the perinatal outcomes. The incidence of abdominal delivery is increasing in all countries, sometimes reaching 80 %. The article presents research data related not only to the medical indications for CS. Literary sources which describe the psychological motivations of women in labor to choose the method of delivery are presented. Today, in addition to the medical indications for CS, the social and economic aspects play a significant role to choose the mode of delivery. The system of health care organization, its methods of financing, the level of medical care in modern conditions contribute to increasing the frequency of CS. The current data on the potential consequences of the increase of CS rate for the further development of the newborn (carbohydrate metabolism disorders, nervous development) and the mother (the risk of maternal mortality, bleeding, infectious complications, postpartum depression) are analyzed. The modern method of analysis and comparison of the frequency and structure of cesarean section – Robson scale, which, in addition to numerous demographic indicators, provides information about the possible reserves to reduce the frequency of abdominal delivery, in particular, vaginal delivery after previous CS and labor induction in nulliparous women is presented.