Heart Involvement in Diabetes mellitus Patients

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most significant medical and social health problems worldwide. The main cause of death in patients with DM is cardiovascular diseases, which leads to the significant decrease in quality of life and life expectancy. The aim of this literature review is analyze of the frequency, mechanisms and manifestations of heart disease in diabetes patients. A significant amount of the modern researches is devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of the diabetes complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). According to many authors, heart disease in diabetes is associated with the formation of DC, comorbid coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension. DC occurs in 16.8–54% of patients with diabetes and is an independent factor which increases the death risk by 50–60%. Numerous scientific studies have been devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of DC, emphasizing that in order to reduce cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with diabetes, it is necessary, above all, to achieve glycemic control. Diabetic history, age, comorbidities, atherosclerotic lesions, smoking, overweight or obesity also play an important role. The main aspects of the development and impact of diabetes on the health and life of patients are the untimely diagnosis of this disease, its multifactorial pathogenesis, progressive course and severity of complications. Due to development of the early complications and disability, studies of morphofunctional changes in the myocardium in diabetes are extremely relevant, as cardiomyopathy may increase the risk of myocardial infarction and heart failure. The rapid increase in the number of patients with diabetes, many of whom die from cardiovascular complications, makes the problem of diabetic heart disease one of the most pressing health problems. Treatment of these patients should include correction of carbohydrate metabolism, control of blood lipid composition, decrease in myocardial ischemia, correction of the myocardial metabolism and the risk of heart failure.