THE COMPARISON OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES IN INDIVIDUAL SLOVAK REGIONS BY APPLYING PCA AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Abstract

The development of the transport segment is currently an essential process which affects several other industries. The transport infrastructure and the services provided in this sector influence economic growth, the efforts aimed at increasing competitiveness, as well as prosperity of the society. One of the key problems Slovakia is facing is the long-term growth of differences between individual regions. The present article deals with the evaluation and comparison of selected transport infrastructure indicators in eight regions of Slovakia. The evaluation was carried out by applying basic statistical methods and multiple-criteria statistical methods. Every region was characterised by 20 selected variables describing its uniqueness (e.g. population, area, GDP per capita, road infrastructure etc.). The evaluation of similarities between individual regions in terms of selected variables was carried out by applying the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Within the PCA, the original input variables were replaced with three principal components describing as much as 86.68% of the cumulative variance. The average linkage method, as one of the hierarchical methods, was applied to create a dendrogram representing the similarities between the regions of Slovakia. The cophenetic correlation coefficient value of CC=0.936 confirmed the proper selection of the average linkage method. The output of the cluster analysis was that 8 regions of Slovakia were divided into five similar homogenous clusters based on the examined variables. The final analysis indicated that the transport infrastructure and the development thereof significantly affect the differences between individual regions of Slovakia and, as a matter of fact, they belong to the factors creating such differences.