1. Department of Public Health, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan,
2. National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan,
3. National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan,
4. Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan, and
5. Kyorin Eye Center, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan