Investigating the Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Insulin Resistance and Some Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and resistance training on insulin resistance and some risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: In the current research, as a review of studies, we searched articles related to the effect of exercise training on cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance in diabetic patients published in Springer, Hindawi, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, SID and ISC until July 2022 using the keywords diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, training, exercise, aerobic exercise, and resistance exercise. Between 1999 and 2022, 68 studies and 14 systematic review and meta-analysis articles were examined. Results: In the studies related to Training and insulin resistance, 14 studies were reviewed, the number of subjects was 3753, in 100% of the subjects, and the reduction of insulin resistance was significant (P < 0.05). A number of 7732 subjects were investigated in 8 trials and systematic review studies related to Training and blood pressure, reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 99.11% of people and reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 93.3% of people was significant. (P < 0.05). About training and fat profiles, 11 systematic review studies and trials were examined, according to the results, in the studies of training and triglyceride (TG), 3917 subjects (83.74% significant reduction), training and cholesterol (TC), 2186 subjects (97.81% significant reduction), training and low density lipoprotein (LDL), 2972 subjects (72.99% significant reduction), training and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), 2828 subjects (100% significant decrease) and training and high density lipoprotein (HDL), 6699 subjects (83.41 significant increase) were observed (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Aerobic and resistance training -both- improve the lipid profile and reduce cardiovascular risk factors and can be a useful way to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases.