Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Cleome brachycarpa Ethanolic Extract in Lower Mammals and Effects on Blood and Liver Enzymes

Abstract

Background: Cleome brachycarpa, magical species full of phytochemicals, has magical medicinal properties and should be evaluated extensively. Objectives: We evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Cleome brachycarpa and the effect of its extract on various hematological parameters, cholesterol levels, and liver enzymes to ensure the safe use of this natural product. Methods: Cleome brachycarpa was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects at 200 mg/kg compared to diclofenic sodium and morphine, respectively. For anti-inflammatory activity, Wistar strain albino rats were pooled and divided into four groups: Negative control (normal saline), positive control (2% acetic acid), standard (Diclofenic sodium 10 mg/kg), and test (Cleome brachycarpa extract orally) groups for 10 days. For analgesic evaluation, mice were divided into control (normal saline), standard (morphine 10 mg/kg), and test (Cleome brachycarpa extract 200 mg/kg) groups and analyzed by the tail-flick method from zero to six hours. An assortment of blood parameters was evaluated, including white cells, red cells, hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Besides, we computed the number of platelets, cholesterol, and enzyme (liver) level to ensure the safe use of this natural product. For this purpose, 60 rabbits were collected and divided into groups: Group A (control group) of 30 rabbits pooled without any treatment and Group B (treated group) of 30 rabbits receiving 200 mg/kg of Cleome brachycarpa. After 30 days, 4 mL blood sample was obtained by cardiac puncture. Results: Plethysmometer evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects showed maximum inflammatory inhibition of 29.42% at the sixth hour. Moreover, tail flick analysis showed maximum pain inhibition of 55.10% at the sixth hour, comparable to the standard drug. Furthermore, hematological data were analyzed statistically and showed insignificant results (P ≥ 0.05), indicating no prominent changes in hematological parameters, except for SGPT, a liver enzyme that increased after 30 days of treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Elevated levels of SGPT are usually reported with several drug administrations like NSAIDs and anti-TB drugs, but still, it should be further investigated. Conclusions: Cleome brachycarpa showed promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects without producing any potent change in enzymes except SGPT, which would be evaluated further.