Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of an activity of daily living (ADL) questionnaire for heart failure (HF) patients is to improve the management of HF patients by accurately identifying their ADL needs and challenges. Methods: This study had two stages: (1) developing the ADL questionnaire and reviewing its items; and (2) evaluating the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The questionnaire items were generated through a literature review. Face validity was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Content validity was determined using content validity index and content validity ratio calculations. Construct validity was examined by having 180 HF patients complete the ADL questionnaire and conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent validity was assessed through Pearson correlation, and inter-rater reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: According to the literature and a panel of experts, the questionnaire comprised 13 final items, all of which demonstrated good face validity. The content validity of all items was deemed appropriate. The scale showed a construct validity of 0.98 and a convergent validity of 0.73. It was also found to be reliable, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.97 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.9. Discussion: The final ADL questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable scale for assessing ADL in HF patients, indicating its potential for evaluating disease-specific ADL challenges in this population.