PT -symmetry-enabled stable modes in a multicore fiber

Abstract

Open systems with balanced gain and loss, described by parity-time (PT-symmetric) Hamiltonians have been deeply explored over the past decade. Most explorations are limited to finite discrete models (in real or reciprocal spaces) or continuum problems in one dimension. As a result, these models do not leverage the complexity and variability of two-dimensional continuum problems on a compact support. Here, we investigate eigenvalues of the Schrödinger equation on a disk with zero boundary condition, in the presence of constant, PT-symmetric, gain-loss potential that is confined to two mirror-symmetric disks. We find a rich variety of exceptional points, re-entrant PT-symmetric phases, and a nonmonotonic dependence of the PT-symmetry breaking threshold on the system parameters. By comparing results of two model variations, we show that this simple model of a multicore fiber supports propagating modes in the presence of gain and loss. Published by the American Physical Society 2024