Flocking by Turning Away

Author:

Das Suchismita1ORCID,Ciarchi Matteo1,Zhou Ziqi2,Yan Jing33,Zhang Jie22,Alert Ricard1456ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems

2. University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)

3. Yale University

4. Center for Systems Biology Dresden

5. Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life

6. TU Dresden

Abstract

Flocking, as paradigmatically exemplified by birds, is the coherent collective motion of active agents. As originally conceived, flocking emerges through alignment interactions between the agents. Here, we report that flocking can also emerge through interactions that turn agents away from each other. Combining simulations, kinetic theory, and experiments, we demonstrate this mechanism of flocking in self-propelled Janus colloids with stronger repulsion on the front than on the rear. The polar state is stable because particles achieve a compromise between turning away from left and right neighbors. Unlike for alignment interactions, the emergence of polar order from turn-away interactions requires particle repulsion. At high concentration, repulsion produces flocking Wigner crystals. Whereas repulsion often leads to motility-induced phase separation of active particles, here it combines with turn-away torques to produce flocking. Therefore, our findings bridge the classes of aligning and nonaligning active matter. Our results could help to reconcile the observations that cells can flock despite turning away from each other via contact inhibition of locomotion. Overall, our work shows that flocking is a very robust phenomenon that arises even when the orientational interactions would seem to prevent it. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Funder

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Komplexer Systeme

National Natural Science Foundation of China

University of Science and Technology of China

Max Planck Computing and Data Facility

Publisher

American Physical Society (APS)

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