Event-by-event direction reconstruction of solar neutrinos in a high light-yield liquid scintillator-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Event-by-event direction reconstruction of solar neutrinos in a high light-yield liquid scintillator

Published:2024-04-03 Issue:7 Volume:109 Page:
ISSN:2470-0010
Container-title:Physical Review D
language:en
Short-container-title:Phys. Rev. D

Author:

Allega A.¹,Anderson M. R.¹,Andringa S.²,Antunes J.²³,Askins M.⁴⁵,Auty D. J.⁶,Bacon A.⁷,Baker J.⁸⁹,Barros N.²¹⁰,Barão F.²³,Bayes R.⁹¹,Beier E. W.⁷,Bezerra T. S.¹¹,Bialek A.⁸⁹,Biller S. D.¹²,Blucher E.¹³,Caden E.⁸⁹,Callaghan E. J.⁴⁵,Chen M.¹,Cheng S.¹,Cleveland B.⁸⁹,Cookman D.¹²,Corning J.¹,Cox M. A.¹⁴²,Dehghani R.¹,Deloye J.⁹,Depatie M. M.⁹¹,Di Lodovico F.¹⁵,Dittmer J.¹⁶,Dixon K. H.¹⁵,Falk E.¹¹,Fatemighomi N.⁸,Ford R.⁸⁹,Gaur A.⁶,González-Reina O. I.¹⁷,Gooding D.¹⁸,Grant C.¹⁸,Grove J.¹,Hall S.⁸,Hallin A. L.⁶,Heintzelman W. J.⁷,Helmer R. L.¹⁹,Hewitt C.¹²,Hreljac B.¹,Howard V.⁹,Hu J.⁶,Hunt-Stokes R.¹²,Hussain S. M. A.¹⁸,Inácio A. S.¹²²²⁰,Jillings C. J.⁸⁹,Kaluzienski S.¹,Kaptanoglu T.⁴⁵,Khaghani P.⁹,Khan H.⁹,Klein J. R.⁷,Kormos L. L.²¹,Krar B.¹,Kraus C.⁹⁸,Krauss C. B.⁶,Kroupová T.⁷,Lake C.⁹,Lebanowski L.⁴⁵,Lee J.¹,Lefebvre C.¹,Lin Y. H.¹,Lozza V.²²⁰,Luo M.⁷,Maio A.²²⁰,Manecki S.⁸¹⁹,Maneira J.²²⁰,Martin R. D.¹,McCauley N.¹⁴,McDonald A. B.¹,Mills C.¹¹,Milton G.¹²,Morton-Blake I.¹²,Mubasher M.⁶,Molina Colina A.⁹⁸,Morris D.¹,Naugle S.⁷,Nolan L. J.²²,O’Keeffe H. M.²¹,Orebi Gann G. D.⁴⁵,Page J.¹¹,Paleshi K.⁹,Parker W.¹²,Paton J.¹²^ORCID,Peeters S. J. M.¹¹,Pickard L.⁴⁵²³,Ravi P.⁹,Reichold A.¹²,Riccetto S.¹,Rigan M.¹¹,Rose J.¹⁴,Rosero R.²⁴,Rumleskie J.⁹,Semenec I.¹,Skensved P.¹,Smiley M.⁴⁵,Smith J.⁸⁹,Svoboda R.²³,Tam B.¹²¹,Tseng J.¹²,Valder S.¹¹,Vázquez-Jáuregui E.¹⁷,Virtue C. J.⁹,Wang J.¹²,Ward M.¹,Wilson J. R.¹⁵,Wilson J. D.⁶,Wright A.¹,Yanez J. P.⁶,Yang S.⁶,Yeh M.²⁴,Ye Z.⁷,Yu S.¹⁹,Zhang Y.²⁵²⁶,Zuber K.¹⁶,Zummo A.⁷,

Affiliation:

1. Queen’s University, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada

2. Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal

3. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Departamento de Física, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

4. University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, CA 94720, Berkeley, USA

5. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720-8153, USA

6. University of Alberta, Department of Physics, 4-181 CCIS, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

7. University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6396, USA

8. SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, ON P3Y 1N2, Canada

9. Laurentian University, School of Natural Sciences, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada

10. Universidade de Coimbra, Departamento de Físicai (FCUC), 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal

11. University of Sussex, Physics & Astronomy, Pevensey II, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK

12. University of Oxford, The Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK

13. The Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

14. University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK

15. King’s College London, Department of Physics, Strand Building, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK

16. Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kern und Teilchenphysik, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden, 01069, Germany

17. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Física, Apartado Postal 20-364, México D.F., 01000, México

18. Boston University, Department of Physics, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA

19. TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada

20. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências (FCUL), Departamento de Física, Campo Grande, Edifício C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

21. Lancaster University, Physics Department, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK

22. Queen Mary, University of London, School of Physics and Astronomy, 327 Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK

23. University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA

24. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Building 555, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973-500, USA

25. Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China

26. Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China

Abstract

The direction of individual B8 solar neutrinos has been reconstructed using the SNO+ liquid scintillator detector. Prompt, directional Cherenkov light was separated from the slower, isotropic scintillation light using time information, and a maximum likelihood method was used to reconstruct the direction of individual scattered electrons. A clear directional signal was observed, correlated with the solar angle. The observation was aided by a period of low primary fluor concentration that resulted in a slower scintillator decay time. This is the first time that event-by-event direction reconstruction in high light-yield liquid scintillator has been demonstrated in a large-scale detector.

Published by the American Physical Society

2024

Funder

Canada Foundation for Innovation

Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science

Queen’s University

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Canadian Institute for Advanced Research

U.S. Department of Energy

Nuclear Science and Security Consortium

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Royal Society