Measuring the Concordance Between Endoscopic and Histologic Inflammation and its Effect on IBD-Associated Dysplasia

Abstract

Background: Chronically inflamed colonic mucosa is primed to develop dysplasia identified at surveillance colonoscopy by targeted or random biopsies. We aimed to explore the effect of mucosal inflammation on detection of visible and “invisible” dysplasia and the concordance between the degree of endoscopic and histologic inflammation. Methods: 6-year cross-sectional analysis of endoscopic and histologic data in IBD. A multinomial model was created to estimate the odds for a specific lesion type as well as the odds of random dysplasia relative to the degree of inflammation. Kappa statistics were used to measure concordance between endoscopic and histologic inflammation. Results: 3437 IBD surveillance colonoscopies between 2016-2021 were reviewed with 970 procedures from 721 patients containing 1603 visible lesions. Kappa agreement between histologic and endoscopic degree of inflammation was low at 0.4. There was a positive association between increased endoscopic inflammation and presence of tubulovillous adenomas (TVAs) (OR 2.18; 95%CI 1.03-4.62; p=0.04). Amongst cases with visible lesions, the yield of concomitant random dysplasia was 2.7% and 1.9% for random indefinite dysplasia. The odds of random dysplasia significantly increased as the degree of endoscopic (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.46-3.26; p<0.001) and histologic (OR 2.75; 95%CI 1.65-4.57, p<0.001) inflammation increased. The odds of indefinite random dysplasia also significantly increased as endoscopic (OR 2.90; 95%CI 1.85, 4.55, p<0.001) and histologic (OR 1.98; 95%CI 1.08, 3.62, p<0.035) inflammation increased. Conclusion: Endoscopic and histologic inflammation are associated with higher odds of finding TVAs and random low-grade, high-grade, and indefinite dysplasia. Concordance between histologic and endoscopic inflammation severity is low.