The Role of the Three-Dimensional Edge-Enhancing Gradient Echo Sequence at 3T MRI in the Detection of Focal Cortical Dysplasia: A Technical Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a most common cause of intractable focal epilepsy in children. Surgery is considered as a radical option for such patients with the prerequisite of lesion detection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in detection of FCDs in epilepsy patients; however, the detection of FCDs even in epilepsy dedicated MRI sequence shows relatively low positive rate. Last year, Middlebrooks et al introduced the novel three-dimensional Edge-Enhancing Gradient Echo (3D-EDGE) MRI sequence and using this sequence successfully identified five cases of FCDs which indicates its potential role in those epilepsy patients who may have FCDs. Case Presentation We present a 14-year-old, right-handed, male patient who has suffered from drug-resistant epilepsy over the past 3 years. It was unable to localize the lesion of the seizure, even using the series of epilepsy dedicated MRI sequences. Inspired by the previous report, the lesion of the seizure was successfully targeted by 3D-EDGE sequence. Combined with intraoperative navigation and precisely removed the lesion. He was uneventfully recovered with no signs of cerebral dysfunction and no seizure recurrence 8 months after surgery. Conclusion The 3D-EDGE sequences show a higher sensitivity for FCD detection in epilepsy patients compared with a series of epilepsy-dedicated MRI protocols. We confirmed that the study by Middlebrooks et al is of great clinical value. If the findings on routine MRI sequences or even epilepsy-dedicated MRI sequences were reported as negative, however, the semiology, video-electroencephalography, and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography results suggest a local abnormality, and the results are concordant with each other, a 3D-EDGE sequence may be a good option.