Protective but Non-Synergistic Effects of Nigella Sativa and Vitamin E against Cisplatin-Induced Renal Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Abstract Background Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug that causes nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress. Extracts of Nigella sativa is nephroprotective. Vitamin E is also a potent antioxidant. This study sought to determine a possible synergistic effect of administering the two agents prior to cisplatin use on nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress. Methods 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 rats each. Group I served as the control. Group II received cisplatin without any treatment for 6 days. Groups III, IV, V and VI received 100 mg/kg Nigella sativa (NS), 200 mg/kg NS, 100 mg/kg Vitamin E and 200 mg/kg NS+100 mg/kg Vitamin E respectively for 5 days prior to 6 days administration of cisplatin. On the last day of the experiment, all the animals were sacrificed and serum samples collected for analysis. Results Cisplatin administration caused a significant increase in creatinine level (p<0.01), urea level (p<0.01), sodium concentration and malondialdehyde level (p<0.001). Pre-administration with NS caused a significant reduction in creatinine level (p<0.001), urea level (p<0.001), sodium concentration (p<0.001) and malondialdehyde (p<0.01) level. Pre-administration with vitamin E caused a significant reduction in creatinine level (p<0.001), urea level (p<0.01), sodium concentration (p<0.001) and malondialdehyde level. They both also caused a significant increase in superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase (CAT) levels. The combination of NS and vitamin E however did not show significant synergistic effects. Conclusion These results suggest that even though pre-administration of the two agents protect against renal toxicity and oxidative stress, the effects are however not collaborative.