Botulinum Toxin Type A: Adverse Events and Management

Author:

Cavallini Maurizio1,Papagni Marco2,Lazzari Riccardo2,Santorelli Adriano3

Affiliation:

1. Operative Unit of Dermatology and Dermato-Surgery, Centro Diagnostico Italiano Hospital, Milan, Italy

2. Italian Scientific Society of Aesthetic Medicine, Milan, Italy

3. Academy of Aesthetic Sciences, Naples, Italy

Abstract

AbstractAesthetic medicine is witnessing an increasing exploitation of all the procedures. The demand has never been higher than it is today. The number of practitioners is also increasing year by year. Consequently complications and other kinds of related troubles and procedures are also rising. Never like today is fundamental, in case of troubles, how to properly manage with the most frequent issues. In aesthetic medicine field, botulinum toxin procedures are the safest. Lot of patients are worried about botulinum toxin despite the available scientific literature. Rare short-term complications are observed. In the most of cases, nothing severe occurs if the international recommendations and the most recent guidelines are closely followed, the majority of them are injection related. This study is a review of rare or common problems that can occur and how to manage or solve the situations.

Publisher

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Subject

Surgery

Reference33 articles.

1. Botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine: myths and realities;J S Dover;Dermatol Surg,2018

2. Scientific review of the aesthetic uses of botulinum toxin type A;M Y Park;Arch Craniofac Surg,2021

3. Complications of facial cosmetic botulinum toxin A injection: analysis of the UK Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency registry and literature review;D Zargaran;J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg,2021

4. Complications of botulinum toxin a: an update review;G Kroumpouzos;J Cosmet Dermatol,2021

5. A review of complications due to the use of botulinum toxin A for cosmetic indications;N Sethi;Aesthetic Plast Surg,2021

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