Microsurgical Anatomy of the Hypoglossal Nerve in the Lateral Approaches to the Craniovertebral Junction: A Study on Fresh Non-Formalin-Fixed Human Specimens

Author:

Pescatori Lorenzo1,Tropeano Maria Pia23ORCID,Piccirilli Manolo4,Ciappetta Pasqualino5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Sant'Eugenio, Roma, Lazio, Italy

2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy

3. IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy

4. Department of Neurosurgery, Umberto I Policlinico di Roma, Roma, Lazio, Italy

5. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bari, Bari, Puglia, Italy

Abstract

AbstractThe aim of this anatomical study is to describe the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve (HN) from its origin to the extracranial portion as it appears by performing a combined posterolateral and anterolateral approach to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). Twelve fresh, non-formalin-fixed adult cadaveric heads (24 sides) were analyzed for the simulation of the combined lateral approach to the CVJ. The HN is divided into three main parts: cisternal, intracanalicular, and extracranial The anatomical relationships between the HN and other nerves, muscles, arteries and veins were carefully recorded, and some measurements were made between the HN and related structures. Thus, various landmarks were determined for the easy identification of the HN. Understanding the detailed anatomy of the HN and its relationships with the surrounding structures is crucial to prevent some complications during CVJ surgery.

Publisher

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Subject

Neurology (clinical),Surgery

Reference30 articles.

1. Microsurgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve;G Bademci;J Clin Neurosci,2006

2. Intracisternal length of cranial nerves 7-12;J Lang;Neurochirurgia (Stuttg),1985

3. The extracranial hypoglossal nerve: 112 cadaver dissection;F S Curto Jr;Ear Nose Throat J,1980

4. Distribution of the hypoglossal nerve at the base of the tongue and its clinical importance in radiofrequency ablation therapy;N Çandir;Turk J Med Sci,2014

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