Erectile Dysfunction in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes is Associated with Long-term Metabolic Control and Diabetic Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Abstract Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects approximately 38% of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Skin autofluorescence (AF) reflects skin advanced glycation end product (AGE) deposits and is a marker of long-term glycemia control. Objective The study investigates the relationship between ED and diabetes control in patients with T1DM. Methods Adult patients with T1DM visiting the Diabetology Department were cross-sectionally investigated. Medical history, anthropometric features, and laboratory findings were collected. All individuals filled the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). IIEF-5 total score < 22 represented the presence of ED. AF was measured on the volar aspect of the forearm using AGE Reader. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by the estimated glucose disposal rate. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The adjusted covariates were general risk factors of ED. Results Of a total of n = 70 patients, n = 30 (42.9%) suffered from ED. The presence of ED was associated with higher glycated hemoglobin level (OR, 95% CI; 1.62, 1.02–2.60; p = 0.043), presence of at least one diabetic complication (3.49, 1.10–11.03; p = 0.03), and skin AF (9.20, 1.60–52.94; p = 0.01), but not with IR (0.78, 0.57–2.60; p = 0.12). Skin AF values ≥ 2.2 indicates presence of ED with a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 77.5%. Area under the curve was equal to 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60–0.85). Conclusions The presence of ED in individuals with T1DM is associated with HbA1c, the presence of at least one diabetic complication, and skin AF.