To Evaluate the Influence of Different Implant Thread Designs on Stress Distribution of Osseointegrated Implant: A Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Analysis Study–An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Dental implants are common treatment modality for tooth loss which leads to unaesthetic appearance and may also cause deterioration of mastication and speech. The aim of implant therapy in dentistry is to restore tissue contour, function, comfort, aesthetic, and speech. Dental implant role is to transfer the mechanical force created during chewing to the supporting osseous tissues within the mandible and maxilla. The importance of biomechanical factors such as the bone-implant interface, implant thread design, the length and diameter of implants, type of loading, the quality and quantity of surrounding bone have been strained by various authors. The selection of implant thread design plays an important role in the outcome of the treatment. This study was done to evaluate the influence of different thread designs on stress distribution of osseointegrated implant using three-dimensional (3D) finite-element analysis. Materials and Methods Three implants with different thread designs, namely V-thread, buttress, and reverse buttress thread designs were considered and dimensions were standardized. The site considered was the mandibular molar region with cortical and cancellous bone assuming to be isotropic and homogeneous. The implant modeling was done with the ANSYS 18.1 software. Axial load (100N) and buccolingual load (50N) were applied. The stresses were calculated as Von Mises stress criterion. Results Minimum von mises Stress concentration was seen for tapered implant body with reverse buttress thread design under axial load 100N and tapered implant body with V-thread under buccolingual load of 50N at cortical bone which signifies bone preservation. Stress levels were observed maximum at implant and minimum at the cancellous bone. Conclusion Hence, within the limitations of this study the results obtained can be applied clinically for appropriate selection of implant thread design for a predictable success of implant therapy.