Mortality Rate and Prognostic Factors in Neonatal Tetanus: A 3-Year Analysis of Cases Presented to Turkey-Somalia Mogadishu Training and Research Hospital

Abstract

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate mortality rate and prognostic factors in neonatal tetanus cases presented to Turkey-Somalia Mogadishu Training and Research Hospital. Methods A total of 35 neonatal tetanus cases presented to Turkey-Somalia Mogadishu Training and Research Hospital between 2014 and 2017 were included in this prospective observational study. Data on demographic, clinical and maternal obstetric characteristics, and laboratory findings including complete blood count and blood biochemistry were recorded in each patient. Study parameters were evaluated with respect to survivorship status, while multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of increased mortality risk. Results Overall, mortality occurred in 22 (62.9%) of 35 neonates diagnosed with neonatal tetanus. Tetanus prophylaxis was absent in the majority of neonates, regardless of survivorship status (100.0% in nonsurvivors vs. 84.6% in survivors, p = 0.131). In nonsurvivor versus survivor groups, significantly higher likelihood of constipation (50.0 vs. 7.7%, p = 0.002), contracture (81.8 vs. 46.2%, p = 0.035), and ventilator support (95.4 vs. 53.8%, p = 0.006) as well as significantly lower hemoglobin (14.45 ± 2.06 vs. 17.15 ± 1.77, p = 0.003) and potassium (3.50 ± 0.86 vs. 4.14 ± 0.93, p = 0.003) levels and neutrophil (3.34 ± 1.75 vs. 4.47 ± 1.08, p = 0.047, white blood cell (WBC) (5.54 ± 2.30 vs. 7.78 ± 1.70, p = 0.003) and platelet (median [min-max] 133.5 [68–332] vs. 196 [123–550], p = 0.006) counts were noted. Presence of contracture (odds ratio [OR]: 14.525, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.398–150.870, p = 0.025) and ventilator support (OR: 22.282, 95% CI: 1.269–391.131, p = 0.034) was the independent determinants of increased risk of mortality. Conclusion Our findings emphasize high mortality in neonatal tetanus cases in Somalia along with lack of maternal tetanus prophylaxis in majority of cases. Presence of contractures and ventilator support were significant determinants of poor survival, while factors such as constipation, lower hemoglobin, and potassium levels and lower neutrophil, WBC and platelet counts were also more common among nonsurvivors, albeit not found to be associated with mortality risk in the multivariate analysis.