Shape Profile of Corpus Callosum As a Signature to Phenotype Different Dementia

Abstract

Abstract Background Phenotyping dementia is always a complex task for a clinician. There is a need for more practical biomarkers to aid clinicians. Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the shape profile of corpus callosum (CC) in different phenotypes of dementia. Materials and Methods Our study included patients who underwent neuroimaging in our facility as a part of clinical evaluation for dementia referred from Geriatric Clinic (2017–2018). We have analyzed the shape of CC and interpreted the finding using a seven-segment division. Results The sample included MPRAGE images of Alzheimer’ dementia (AD) (n = 24), posterior cortical atrophy- Alzheimer’ dementia (PCA-AD) (n = 7), behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (Bv-FTD) (n = 17), semantic variant frontotemporal dementia (Sv-FTD) (n = 11), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) (n = 4), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) (n = 5), diffuse Lewy body dementia (n = 7), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (n = 3), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) (n = 3). We found in posterior dementias such as AD and PCA-AD that there was predominant atrophy of splenium of CC. In Bv-FTD, the genu and anterior half of the body of CC was atrophied, whereas in PNFA, PSP, PDD, and CBD there was atrophy of the body of CC giving a dumbbell like profile. Conclusion Our study findings were in agreement with the anatomical cortical regions involved in different phenotypes of dementia. Our preliminary study highlighted potential usefulness of CC in the clinical setting for phenotyping dementia in addition to clinical history and robust biomarkers.