Correlation between Dentoalveolar Heights and Vertical Skeletal Patterns in Class I Malocclusion in Ethnic Javanese

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Vertical proportions of the face are important determining factors for diagnosis and planning appropriate orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic patients have different vertical and sagittal skeletal discrepancies, as well as associated varying degrees of dentoalveolar compensations. Dentoalveolar is a functional component of the jaw; it plays a role in occlusal dynamics and forms sagittal and vertical maxilla–mandibula relationships. This study aims to analyze the relationship between dentoalveolar heights and several vertical skeletal patterns in patients with Class I malocclusion in ethnic Javanese. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of lateral cephalograms of 75 patients (18 samples were male, and 57 were female). Determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were selected from an initial sample of 196 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion (sella–nasion–A and B [ANB] = 1–4 degrees). Cephalometric analysis was performed using OrthoVision2017 digital software. This analysis measured upper anterior dental height (UADH), upper posterior dental height (UPDH), lower anterior dental height (LADH), lower posterior dental height (LPDH), ANB angle, sella–nasion and mandibular plane (SN-MP), sella–nasion and palatal plane (SN-PP), palatal plane and mandibular plane (PP-MP), Frankfort horizontal plane and mandibular plane (FH-MP), sella to gonion (S-Go), articulare to gonion (Ar-Go), nasion to menton (N-Me), nasion to anterior nasal spine (N-ANS), and anterior nasal spine to menton (ANS-Me). Pearson correlation test was used to assess correlations among all variables (p < 0.05). Results Significant correlations were observed between dentoalveolar heights and SN-MP, S-Go, Ar-Go, N-Me, and ANS-Me (p < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with Class I malocclusion in ethnic Javanese exhibit a significant correlation between dentoalveolar and vertical skeletal patterns. UPDH and/or LPDH have a significantly positive correlation with SN-MP, S-Go, Ar-Go, N-Me, and ANS-Me. The orthodontic correction of the decreased or increased facial height included either the extrusion or intrusion of the anterior or posterior teeth in different ways.