1. Division of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
2. Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
3. Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
4. Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
5. Department of Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
6. New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States