Neurosarcoidosis

Abstract

AbstractNeurosarcoidosis is an uncommon but clinically significant manifestation that will be routinely encountered in sarcoidosis specialty clinics. Overall, neurologic involvement is recognized in 5 to 10% of individuals with sarcoidosis. Neurologic symptoms will be the presenting manifestation of sarcoidosis in approximately one-half of those with neurosarcoidosis. The clinical and imaging features of neurosarcoidosis vary widely, largely depending on the anatomic distribution of the disease. The likelihood of spontaneous resolution is lower than for sarcoidosis in general, and residual functional deficits are not uncommon. Therefore, most patients with neurosarcoidosis require immunosuppressive therapy. Small fiber neuropathy, a recently recognized nongranulomatous parasarcoidosis syndrome, is prevalent in chronic sarcoidosis. The variety of neurologic manifestations, broad differential diagnosis, and complexity of management render neurosarcoidosis an area best served by multidisciplinary teams. Sarcoidologists, neurologists, radiologists, neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, urologists, physiatrists, and physical/occupational therapists all potentially have important roles.