Prolonged Fasting as a Cause of Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report

Author:

Roberge Guillaume1ORCID,Samson Carine2,Le Gal Grégoire3ORCID,Calabrino Anthony1

Affiliation:

1. Centre d'Excellence des Maladies Vasculaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Québec, Canada

2. MaClinique Médicale Lebourgneuf, Québec, Canada

3. Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

Abstract Background Intermittent fasting is becoming more popular as health benefits are described in recent literature. Various forms of fasting exist, one of them involving a zero-calorie diet and drinking only water. However, the safety of water-only fasting is still not well established. We report a case of a man who developed a lower limb deep vein thrombosis at the end of a 2-week water-only fasting and characterized by an initial period of 5 days of no food and no water intake. We reviewed literature regarding potential links between fasting and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Clinical Approach We believe that fasting can induce important dehydration, leading to hypercoagulability and then contribute to the development of a venous thrombosis. The patient was treated with apixaban for 3 months as is recommended in patients with a provoked event caused by a transient risk factor. No thrombotic recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion The public needs to be aware of the potential life-threatening complications associated with important dehydration in the setting of medically unsupervised fasting, and these might include VTE. Whether a VTE with dehydration as the only identified risk factor should be approached as a low recurrence risk situation or not still needs to be clarified.

Publisher

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Subject

General Medicine

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3. Fasting therapy-an expert panel update of the 2002 Consensus Guidelines Revised Consensus Guidelines for Fasting Therapy 435;F Wilhelmi de Toledo;Forsch Komplement Med,2013

4. Is fasting safe? A chart review of adverse events during medically supervised, water-only fasting;J S Finnell;BMC Complement Altern Med,2018

5. Fasting: the history, pathophysiology and complications;P R Kerndt;West J Med,1982

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