Neuro-ophthalmological Presentation of Optic Neuritis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease

Author:

Lin Ting-Yi123ORCID,Asseyer Susanna123,Buenrostro Gilberto Solorza123,Feldmann Kristina123,Hamann Steffen4,Paul Friedemann1235,Zimmermann Hanna G.1236

Affiliation:

1. Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

2. Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany

3. Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany

4. Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark

5. Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

6. Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany

Abstract

AbstractMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. MOGAD frequently manifests with severe, bilateral, and episodes of recurrent optic neuritis (ON) and is an important differential diagnosis to multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Besides ON, the clinical manifestations of MOGAD commonly include transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain stem encephalitis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the neuro-ophthalmological presentation of MOGAD-ON. We describe epidemiological aspects, including the association with COVID-19 and other infections or vaccinations, clinical presentation, and imaging findings of MOGAD-ON in the acute stage and during remission. Furthermore, we report findings on prognosis, treatment response, and changes in ON-unaffected eyes. We touch upon findings on visual acuity, visual fields, and visual evoked potentials, as well as structural changes assessed with optical coherence tomography. Moreover, we explain how to differentiate MOGAD from its differential diagnoses, including other neuroinflammatory disorders (multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders), but also idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Publisher

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Subject

Ophthalmology

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