Association Between Urinary Catecholamine Excretion and Urine Volume

Abstract

AbstractSeveral confounders must be considered in the evaluation of urinary catecholamine excretion. However, literature is contradictory about potential confounders. The aim of the present study was to assess correlations between catecholamine excretion and anthropometric or clinical parameters with special attention to urine volume. A total of 967 24-h urinary catecholamine measurements were performed in 593 patients for diagnostic purposes. The indication for urine examination was suspicion of secondary hypertension, phaeochromocytoma, or paraganglioma. From the patients examined, 57% were females and 43% were males. The patients’ age ranged between 15 and 87 years with a median [Q1; Q3] of 51 [39; 62] years. Seventy-eight percent of the patients suffered from hypertension. Seventy percent of patients took one or more antihypertensive drugs. The most commonly used drugs were ACE inhibitors (43%), while α-blockers (15%) were the least used drugs. Urinary excretion was between 500 and 11 950 ml/24 h with a median of 2200 [1600; 2685] ml/24 h. The median body mass index (BMI) was 26.7 [24.0; 30.4] kg/m2. The excretion of all catecholamines was greater in men than in women (all p<0.0001). Epinephrine (p=0.0026), dopamine (p<0.0001), and metanephrine (p=0.0106) excretion decreased with age. BMI was associated with urinary excretion of dopamine (p<0.0001), norepinephrine (p=0.0026), normetanephrine (p<0.0001), and homovanillylmandelic acid (HVMA; p=0.0251). Urine volume correlated with urinary dopamine (p=0.0127), metanephrine (p<0.0001), normetanephrine (p=0.0070), and HVMA (p<0.0028) excretion. In addition to the established associations between urinary catecholamine excretion and age, gender, and BMI in the present study, urinary catecholamine excretion correlated also with urine volume.