Affiliation:
1. Department of Radiology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
AbstractIntravascular tumor thrombosis is most commonly encountered in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which alters the staging and prognosis of malignancies, indicating an advanced stage of malignancy, which can be surgically challenging during treatment course. Imaging plays a vital role in the detection of tumor thrombus and in differentiating it from bland thrombus. The Mayo Clinic thrombus classification is widely used to describe levels of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVC-TT) in patients with locally advanced RCC. In this article, we review the classification, guidelines, and recent diagnostic tools for RCC with IVC tumor thrombi, and mention about the various surgical approaches for each stage of tumor thrombi.