Endocardial Fibroelastosis of the Left Ventricle Affects Right Ventricular Performance in Fetuses with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A Prospective Study Using M-Mode, PW- and Tissue Doppler Techniques

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Myocardial function (MF) of the systemic right ventricle (RV) influences the postnatal course of neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Our study examines whether the presence of endocardial fibroelastosis of the left ventricle (LV EFE) influences MF of the RV in HLHS fetuses. Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted including 10 controls (group 1), 10 HLHS fetuses with (group 2) and 10 without LV EFE (group 3) – all matched for gestational age. M-mode was used to assess tricuspid plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and the shortening fraction (SF). PW-Doppler-derived and PW-TDI-derived velocities were assessed. E/A, E/e', e'/a' ratios and the myocardial performance index (mpi’) were calculated. Results The examination of MF revealed significantly lower s’ velocities (p < 0.05) and higher values for SF in group 2 compared to group 3. e’/a’ ratio, et’ (ejection time), E wave velocity, E/e’ and SF showed significantly higher values in group 2 compared to group 1. In group 2 a’ velocity increased significantly over gestational age. In group 3 but not in group 2, TAPSE increased during gestation. Conclusion These significant differences in MF between the groups might lend support to the notion of negative ventricular-ventricular interaction in the case of HLHS with LV EFE possibly influencing surgical outcomes.