Biomechanics of Proximal Hamate Autograft in Scaphoid Nonunion

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Treatment of proximal scaphoid fractures remains a challenge with a risk of nonunions and avascular necrosis due to its retrograde blood supply. The ipsilateral proximal hamate has been described as a viable autograft option for osteochondral reconstruction of the proximal scaphoid. Our study evaluated the changes in the contact area and pressure of the radioscaphoid joint after proximal hamate autograft reconstruction. Methods Thin sensors (Tekscan Inc., Boston, MA) were placed in the radiocarpal joints of six fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms. Each specimen's tendons were loaded to 150 N in neutral, 45-degree flexion/extension positions through five cycles. Through a dorsal wrist approach, the proximal 10 mm of the scaphoid and hamate was excised. The proximal hamate autograft was affixed to the scaphoid with K-wires. Peak contact pressures and areas at the scaphoid facet were determined and averaged across loading cycles. Results At the radioscaphoid facet, peak contact pressures were equivalent, although an increasing trend in the neutral and extended wrist position was seen. At the radiolunate facet, contact pressure had an increasing trend in the hamate reconstructed wrists in all wrist positions. Contact areas had a decreasing trend and were nonequivalent at the radioscaphoid facet in the hamate reconstructed wrist. Conclusion After hamate autograft, the contact areas were not equivalent between the native and reconstructed wrists but contact pressures were equivalent in the facets. The proximal hamate has a more pointed morphology compared with the proximal scaphoid, which would explain the change in contact area in the hamate autografted wrist. Our study suggests hamate autograft may present a viable reconstruction for the proximal pole of the scaphoid without significantly altering peak contact pressures at the radioscaphoid facet.