Affiliation:
1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
2. Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
3. University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Abstract
AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of death worldwide even though incidence rates differ globally. Western nations report 1 to 2 cases per 1,000 person-years, while Eastern countries exhibit lower rates (<1 per 1,000 person-years). This comprehensive review delves into diverse VTE risk factors including gender, diabetes, obesity, smoking, genetic mutations, hormonal influences, travel, infections, trauma, and cancer. Notably, VTE incidence is highest in certain cancers (such as pancreatic, liver, and non-small-cell lung cancers) and lowest in others (such as breast, melanoma, and prostate cancers). The extensive review provides essential information about prevalent factors and explores potential molecular mechanism contributing to VTE.