1. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2. Departments of Critical Care and Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
4. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
6. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
7. Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
8. The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania