Does AGE–RAGE Stress Play a Role in the Development of Coronary Artery Disease in Obesity?

Abstract

AbstractThis article deals with the role of AGE (advanced glycation end products)–RAGE (receptor for AGE) stress (AGE/sRAGE) in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in obesity. CAD is due to atherosclerosis in coronary artery. The serum/plasma levels of AGE and sRAGE are reduced, while AGE–RAGE stress and expression of RAGE are elevated in obese individuals. However, the levels of AGE are elevated in obese individuals with more than one metabolic syndrome. The increases in the AGE–RAGE stress would elevate the expression and production of atherogenic factors, including reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor-kappa B, cytokines, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and growth factors. Low levels of sRAGE would also increase the atherogenic factors. The increases in the AGE–RAGE stress and decreases in the levels of sRAGE would induce development of atherosclerosis, leading to CAD. The therapeutic regimen for AGE–RAGE stress–induced CAD in obesity would include lowering of AGE intake, prevention of AGE formation, degradation of AGE in vivo, suppression of RAGE expression, blockade of AGE–RAGE interaction, downregulation of sRAGE expression, and use of antioxidants. In conclusion, the data suggest that AGE–RAGE stress is involved in the development of CAD in obesity, and the therapeutic interventions to reduce AGE–RAGE would be helpful in preventing, regressing, and slowing the progression of CAD in obesity.